Maori Tattoo Koh Phangan

The History and Evolution of Maori Tattoos

Origins and Traditional Practices

Maori tattooing dates back centuries, long before European settlers arrived in New Zealand. Traditionally, Tā moko was applied using chisels (uhi) made from bone, which carved the design into the skin rather than puncturing it. This method created grooves in the skin, giving Tā moko its distinctive raised appearance. The practice was highly sacred, often conducted in a ritualistic manner by tohunga ta moko (master tattooists) who were respected figures within the community.

Decline and Revival of Tā moko

The arrival of European settlers in the 19th century led to a decline in traditional Maori tattooing, as colonial influence and changing societal norms caused many to abandon the practice. However, in the late 20th century, there was a significant revival of Tā moko, driven by a renewed interest in Maori culture and identity. Today, Tā moko is once again a prominent and respected art form, celebrated both within New Zealand and globally.

Symbolism and Meaning in Maori Tattoos

Key Elements of Tā moko Design

Maori tattoos are known for their intricate, flowing patterns, often characterized by spirals, curves, and lines that weave together to form a cohesive design. Each element within a Tā moko design holds specific meaning:

• Koru: A spiral shape representing new life, growth, and harmony, inspired by the unfurling fern frond.
• Manaia: A mythological creature with a bird’s head, human body, and fish tail, symbolizing protection and balance.
• Pakati: Sawtooth patterns that represent strength, courage, and the warrior spirit.
• Unaunahi: Fish scale patterns symbolizing abundance and health.
  Haehae: Parallel lines that represent lineage and genealogy.

Each of these elements is woven together in a way that is unique to the individual, making every Tā moko a personal and deeply meaningful piece of art.

Gender-Specific Designs

In traditional Maori society, Tā moko designs were gender-specific. Men typically received moko on their faces, thighs, buttocks, and arms, with the facial moko being the most prestigious. The facial moko often included a full or partial face covering, which signified the wearer’s rank, achievements, and social standing.

Women, on the other hand, traditionally received moko on their lips and chin (kauae moko), with additional designs on the forehead and shoulders. The kauae moko was an important rite of passage for Maori women, symbolizing their transition into adulthood and their ability to fulfill roles within the community.